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各位观众你们好

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欢迎收看《军事科技》

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我是主持人蓝皓

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日本国会参议院

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今天上午（6月26日）表决通过了

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防卫省设置法修正案等法案

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决定将航空自卫队

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改编为航空宇宙自卫队

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这是日本自1954年

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成立陆上 海上 航空自卫队以来

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由于相关法案已于四月底

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这意味着

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日本将放弃战争

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不维持军事力量

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并否认交战权

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79年时光荏苒

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现今的日本自卫队

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已经装备了

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大型水面舰艇

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远程巡航导弹

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与高超音速武器

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甚至着手向海外

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输出致命装备

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这一切

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是如何演变的呢

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今日

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我们将剖析这一

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邪祟附体的历程

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审视日本怎样凭借

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一层又一层防御的言辞

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将进攻性的猛兽

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包裹进和平的伪装之中

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对于战后日本而言

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重新武装最大的限制

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不是工业能力

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而是政治约束

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作为一个长期受“和平宪法”

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和“专守防卫”原则约束的国家

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相比于周期漫长的自主研发

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直接从海外采购成熟装备

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既能快速形成战斗力

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也能在一定程度上

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降低国内外

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对其军事扩张的关注

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因此

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从冷战时期到今天

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大规模引进美国武器装备

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始终是日本

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提升军事实力的

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重要途径

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20世纪50年代

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日本自卫队刚刚成立时

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军事力量的重建

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几乎是从美国仓库里开始的

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进入冷战后期

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日本采购的规模越来越大

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1981年

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日本引进

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F-15J战斗机

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凭借强大的空战性能

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这款战机

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迅速成为日本航空自卫队的主力

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此后数十年间

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日本共装备

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超过两百架

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F-15系列战斗机

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构成日本领空防御的

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核心力量

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而进入21世纪后

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日本采购武器的性质

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开始发生变化

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过去购买的

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是防空武器

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反潜装备

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和拦截系统

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如今购买的

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却是越来越多

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具备远程打击能力的平台

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2011年

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日本决定引进

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F-35隐身战斗机

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此后

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日本先后采购

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147架F-35A

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和F-35B

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成为美国之外

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最大的F-35用户之一

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2015年

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美国国务院

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批准向日本军售

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RQ-4全球鹰高空长航时无人机

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这种无人机

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翼展接近40米

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单次飞行时间

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超过30小时

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能够在数万米高空

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持续执行战略侦察任务

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2020年以后

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日本

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又陆续引进

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V-22鱼鹰倾转旋翼机

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这种能够像直升机一样

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垂直起降

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又能够像

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固定翼飞机一样

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高速飞行的特殊飞行器

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使日本

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拥有了更远距离的

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快速机动能力

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而变化最大的

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则是导弹

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2023年底

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日本正式决定

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采购美国战斧巡航导弹

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这种导弹

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射程超过1600公里

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从设计诞生的第一天起

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它就不是为海岸防御

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准备的武器

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它的使命是远程打击

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日本一直在寻求

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从一个经济大国

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向政治大国

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乃至一个军事大国

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进行转型

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但是在转型的过程中间

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实际上日本有一个

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根本性的问题

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他绕不开他是

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第二次世界大战的战败国

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“和平宪法”

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对他的军事力量的发展

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实际上是构成了

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非常重要的约束

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那么在这个过程中间

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他在军力不断地发展的时候

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实际上他采取了两个措施

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来帮助他发展军力

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特别是发展一些

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进攻性的力量

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这两个措施

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第一个实际上

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就是渲染威胁

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第二个是防御伪装

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这就是为他发展军力

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特别是发展一些进攻性的力量

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在制造一个所谓的

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合理性的借口

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他把一些这种

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进攻性的力量

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实际上包装到

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防御的范畴里面

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也就是在反击能力中间

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把进攻性的力量

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包装成了一种

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防御性的手段

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日本在发展军事力量的

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过程中间

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最近这几年

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特别强调发展

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远程精确

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和综合的态势感知

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这方面的能力

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在这个领域

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在发展的过程中间

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他始终强调一个

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先寻求与美国进行勾连

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然后再寻求

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实现日本的发展

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那么向美国采购

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就是他实现

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他进攻性力量

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和广域态势感知中间

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一个非常重要的

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一种策略性的选择

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就是他向美国进行采购

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从美国进行引进以后

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在某种程度上

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一方面可以让他快速地

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拥有这种能力

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另外

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有美国的背书

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日本通过从美国

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引进F-35战机

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和战斧巡航导弹等

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先进装备

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迅速获得了

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第五代战机

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远程精确打击能力

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以及

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先进导弹防御系统等

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现代化战力

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然而

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采购终究是

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获得现成的武器

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对于日本来说

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更关键的目标

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在于掌握

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核心武器装备的

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自主研制

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与升级技术

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因此

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在大量购入美国武器的同时

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日本也在持续推动

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本国国防工业体系的建设

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其中

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两个方面的变化

216
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值得关注

217
00:06:00,240 --> 00:06:01,160
 

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一是导弹射程的扩展

219
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原本以近海防御为主的

220
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12式反舰导弹

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其打击距离

222
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在不断延长

223
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作战定位

224
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也在相应改变

225
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二是

226
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海上平台的转型

227
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作为日本海上自卫队

228
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最大的水面舰艇之一

229
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出云级

230
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正在进行改装

231
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以适应F-35B战机的起降

232
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这艘曾被称为护卫舰的舰艇

233
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正在逐步获得

234
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运用固定翼舰载机的能力

235
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236
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12式反舰导弹

237
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是日本陆上自卫队装备的

238
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新一代岸基反舰导弹系统

239
00:06:43,000 --> 00:06:43,840
主要用于

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对海上舰艇目标

241
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实施远程精确打击

242
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导弹长度约5米

243
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弹径约350毫米

244
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发射重量约700公斤

245
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采用固体火箭助推器

246
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巡航阶段

247
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使用涡喷发动机推进

248
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飞行速度约马赫数0.9

249
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原始型号最大射程

250
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约200公里

251
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12式导弹

252
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采用复合制导方式

253
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导弹飞行过程中

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能够根据外部目标信息

255
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进行航路修正

256
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末段

257
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具备自主搜索

258
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和目标识别能力

259
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近年来

260
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日本启动

261
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12式导弹能力向上型研发计划

262
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该型号

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是日本远程打击体系建设的

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重要项目

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首先是射程提升

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由原来的

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约200公里

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提升至约1000公里以上

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其次是

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隐身外形

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将弹体重新设计

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减少雷达反射截面积

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新增对陆精确打击能力

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然而

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即便是射程达到上千公里的

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12式能力向上型导弹

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也并非日本远程打击体系

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建设的终点

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近年来

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日本正将更多资源

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投入到另一类

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武器的发展之中

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高超音速滑翔弹

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与传统导弹相比

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高超音速滑翔弹

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最大的特点

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在于速度更快

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飞行轨迹更加复杂

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拦截难度

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也随之大幅提高

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它被普遍认为是

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未来远程精确打击体系的

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重要组成部分

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也是当前世界主要军事强国

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竞相发展的重点项目之一

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近日

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日本陆上自卫队

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在静冈县东富士演习场

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举行了国内最大规模的

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富士综合火力演习

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并首次公开展示了

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射程约1000公里的

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25式高超声速导弹

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6月8日

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日本防卫省

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开始将陆上自卫队

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12式岸舰导弹发射装置等装备

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部署至日本最东端

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离岛南鸟岛

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并计划自2027年起

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在当地开展实弹射击训练

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日方在军事安全领域危险

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冒进

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和试探

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挑衅动作频频

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早已戳穿了

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其和平国家

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和专守防卫的自我标榜

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